Practice questions › Davidson's Principles of Medicine › Davidson's Medicine - Part 1: Fundamentals of Medicine
06 Principles of infectious disease MCQs
Davidson's Medicine - Part 1: Fundamentals of Medicine · Davidson's Principles of Medicine · 12 practice questions
- Antifungals
- Antibacterial selection
- Pharmacokinetics
- Antimicrobial resistance
- Pharmacodynamics
- Investigation of infection
- Virulence factors
- Antimicrobial therapy
1. A patient is started on gentamicin 7 mg/kg once daily. Another, treated with a beta-lactam, has doses given more frequently. Which pharmacodynamic principles explain both?
- AAminoglycoside killing is concentration-dependent, favouring high infrequent doses, whereas beta-lactam killing is time-dependent
- BAminoglycoside killing is time-dependent, favouring frequent doses
- CBoth are concentration-dependent
- DBoth are time-dependent
Show answer
A. Aminoglycoside killing is concentration-dependent, favouring high infrequent doses, whereas beta-lactam killing is time-dependent Aminoglycosides increase efficacy with Cmax:MIC ratio and infrequent dosing reduces accumulation; the beta-lactams and vancomycin are time-dependent.
2. A young man with meningococcal sepsis has purpura and shock, while another patient has a botulinum-type toxin effect on target organs. Which bacterial products cause these effects?
- AEndotoxin, the lipid component of Gram-negative outer membrane, and exotoxin, a protein released by living bacteria
- BBoth are endotoxins
- CExotoxin and endotoxin respectively
- DBoth are capsular polysaccharides
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A. Endotoxin, the lipid component of Gram-negative outer membrane, and exotoxin, a protein released by living bacteria Endotoxin is lipopolysaccharide released when cells are damaged causing generalised inflammation; exotoxins are proteins with specific organ effects.
3. A patient with invasive Aspergillus infection needs a drug active against filamentous fungi; another has visceral leishmaniasis and an amphotericin formulation is chosen with fewer infusion reactions. Which are the choices?
- AVoriconazole, and a lipid formulation of amphotericin B
- BTerbinafine, and flucytosine
- CFluconazole, and amphotericin deoxycholate
- DNystatin, and liposomal fluconazole
Show answer
A. Voriconazole, and a lipid formulation of amphotericin B Voriconazole covers yeasts and most filamentous fungi; lipid formulations reduce toxicity and are used in invasive fungal disease and visceral leishmaniasis.
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