Practice questions › Davidson's Principles of Medicine › Davidson's Medicine - Part 1: Fundamentals of Medicine
05 Population health and epidemiology MCQs
Davidson's Medicine - Part 1: Fundamentals of Medicine · Davidson's Principles of Medicine · 12 practice questions
- Global burden of disease
- Screening
- Mendelian randomisation
- Epidemiological measures
- Outbreak investigation
- Immunisation
- Epidemics
- Study design
1. The incidence is 20 per 1000 in exposed and 5 per 1000 in unexposed people. Which statements are correct?
- ARelative risk is 4, attributable risk is 15 per 1000 and attributable fraction is 0.75
- BRelative risk is 4, attributable risk is 4 and attributable fraction is 0.5
- CRelative risk is 0.25, attributable risk is 15 and attributable fraction is 4
- DRelative risk is 15, attributable risk is 4 and attributable fraction is 0.25
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A. Relative risk is 4, attributable risk is 15 per 1000 and attributable fraction is 0.75 Relative risk is a ratio (4); attributable risk is a difference (15 per 1000); attributable fraction is the attributable risk divided by the incidence in the exposed (0.75).
2. A country reports that age-standardised death rates for most diseases are falling, yet absolute deaths are rising, while global life expectancy at birth rose from 61.7 to 73.0 years between 1980 and 2017. Which pair of statements explains both observations?
- APopulation growth and ageing raise absolute deaths, and falling child infection mortality drove the life expectancy gain partly offset by adult diabetes and kidney disease
- BMisclassification raises deaths, and rising fertility drove the life expectancy gain
- CRising age-specific rates raise deaths, and falling adult cancer mortality drove the life expectancy gain
- DScreening raises deaths, and falling obesity drove the life expectancy gain
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A. Population growth and ageing raise absolute deaths, and falling child infection mortality drove the life expectancy gain partly offset by adult diabetes and kidney disease Numbers of deaths rise with population growth and older age structures despite falling age-standardised rates; the life expectancy rise reflected falling child mortality from common infections, partly offset by adult diabetes and chronic kidney disease.
3. A public health team compares country A, with high premature mortality, and country B, with much chronic disabling illness, using the DALY. Which components does the DALY combine?
- ACrude mortality plus disability prevalence
- BLife expectancy plus quality of life scores
- CYears of life lost plus years of hospital stay
- DYears of life lost to premature death plus years lived with disability weighted by severity
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D. Years of life lost to premature death plus years lived with disability weighted by severity DALY combines premature mortality (years of life lost) with years lived with disability weighted by a severity factor.
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